"Unable to Verify App" iOS Error — What Causes It and How to Fix It

"Unable to Verify App. An internet connection is required to verify trust in the developer." This error appears when iOS tries to launch a sideloaded app, but can't complete the certificate validation handshake with Apple. Four causes account for almost every instance.
Cause 1: No internet on the device
iOS literally needs to phone home to verify the cert. If you're on a flight, in airplane mode, or on a network that blocks Apple's servers, verification fails.
Fix: Connect to Wi-Fi or cellular. Try a different network if a corporate firewall might be blocking ppq.apple.com or itunes.apple.com.
Cause 2: Certificate has been revoked
If Apple has revoked the certificate that signed the app, the verification call returns "invalid" and you get this error. Common for older Enterprise-signed apps.
Fix: The cert is dead — you need a re-sign with a fresh cert. See also: recovery from cert revoke.
Cause 3: Developer profile not trusted yet
For Developer/Enterprise-signed apps, you must explicitly trust the developer profile in Settings before iOS will run the app the first time. This error often shows up before you've done that.
Fix: See: how to trust an iOS developer profile. Settings → General → VPN & Device Management → [Developer name] → Trust.
Cause 4: Time/date wrong on device
Rare but real. If your device's clock is wrong (manually set, or after a battery-dead reset), certificate validation may fail because the cert appears not-yet-valid or already-expired.
Fix: Settings → General → Date & Time → Set Automatically.
Decision tree
- Is the device on the internet? → no → Cause 1
- Did the app work before for you and other users? → no, never worked → Cause 3 or 4
- Did the app work before and stop suddenly for everyone? → Cause 2 (revoke)
- Did the app stop only for you? → Cause 1 or 4
If the cert is revoked
You can confirm a revoke by checking if the app works on other devices. If it's dead everywhere, it's a revoke. Re-signing is the only fix.